Abstract
The circadian system modulates all visceral organ physiological processes including
urine storage and voiding. The “master clock” of the circadian system lies within
suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus while “peripheral clocks” are found in
most peripheral tissue and organs, including the urinary bladder. Disruptions of circadian
rhythms can cause organ malfunction and disorder or exacerbate pre-existing ones.
It has been suggested that nocturia, which develops mostly in the elderly, could be
a circadian-related disorder of the bladder. In the bladder, many types of gap junctions
and ion channels in the detrusor, urothelium and sensory nerves are likely under strict
local peripheral circadian control. The pineal hormone, melatonin, is a circadian
rhythm synchroniser capable of controlling a variety of physiological processes in
the body. Melatonin predominantly acts via the melatonin 1 and melatonin 2 G-protein
coupled receptors expressed in the central nervous system, and many peripheral organs
and tissues. Melatonin could be beneficial in the treatment of nocturia and other
common bladder disorders. The ameliorating action of melatonin on bladder function
is likely due to multiple mechanisms which include central effects on voiding and
peripheral effects on the detrusor and bladder afferents. More studies are warranted
to determine the precise mechanisms of circadian rhythm coordination of the bladder
function and melatonin influences on the bladder in health and diseases.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 01, 2023
Accepted:
February 23,
2023
Received in revised form:
February 23,
2023
Received:
December 20,
2022
Identification
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© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
